A Report on Health and Safety in Architecture

A Report on Health and Safety in computer architectureIn simple terms, health and sentry go is about identifying risks and eliminating or controlling them to block up diagonals and occupational ill-health. Today there is a high focus on precaution in the industry. M whatsoever companies surrender documented that the safeguard and well being of their head for the hillsers and fellow human beings deserve the highest priority. In history, this is a major leap. If unity looks at the approach and many deaths during projects such as the great Chinese wall, which is salvage measured to be the largest social organization project to date, the dive is visible.One past Chinese romance states that each stone in the great Chinese wall stands for a career gone during the walls construction. Although no files are obtainable this myth may be nearer to fact than we would like to think. Archaeologists have revealed thousands of bodies covert in the foundation of the wall. Bodies were al so utilise to pull out up the walls thickness. It has been estimated that millions of workers lost their lives imputable to virgules, strong physical labour, hunger, and disease. This is in the order of size of a life per metre of wall lengthStatistics from the UK Health and Safety Executive show that normally one or devil the great unwashed are killed every week as a effect of construction work. Occupational ill-health, which keep build up over time, accounts for further loss of life. This fact sheet provides an foreword to health and safety best practice for construction companies and construction industry professionals, clients and their advisors. 2.2 million people work in Britains construction industry, making it the countrys biggest industry. It is also one of the most risky. In the last 25 years, over 2,800 people have died from injuries they received as a result of construction work. Many much have been injured or made ill.One in five construction sites failed health a nd safety checks during the latest national inspection proposal carried out by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Inspectors from Britains workplace regulator visited 1759 refurbishment sites during March and checked on how 2145 contractors were complying with health and safety regulations.On 348 sites sufficiently grave risks were discovered to warrant enforcement action being taken either stopping work straight away or ordering improvements to be made (Phil Hughes, 2005).PROVISIONAL TITLEHOW CAN WE IMPROVE THE SAFETY PERFORMANCES AT CONSTRUCTION SITES. STUDY THE DIFFERENT SAFETY MEASURES FOLLOWED IN commodious BRITAIN.This paper investigates the existing safety measures at construction sites in Britain. The review of literature touches on the importance of safety in the construction industry, the types of construction hazards, British Labour Law on the protection against occupational risks and industrial accidents, construction site security, etc. The background of Britain i s described a study of safety levels at construction sites is conducted through questionnaires. Conclusions are made about the legal approaches to the regulation of occupational safety and health.AIMS AND OBJECTIVESAimTo investigates the existing safety measures at construction sites. regard the importance of safety in the construction industry, the types of construction hazards, industrial accidents, construction site security, etc. Analysis the health and safety in British constructions.Objectives or Purpose of the studyTo achieve the goal of this study, it is needed toMake a brief overview of all health and safety in the present construction industries. essay the ways in which these safety measures are utilize in various construction industries.Study on British construction industries and their way of using safety measures.Identify recent accidents occur at construction industries in Britain.Attempt a brief comparison between the difference in safety measures using in Britain a nd other developing countries.Suggest various ways to reduce accidents at construction sites by using safety measures effectively.LITERATURE REVIEW ascribable to the online condition of the U.S. economy, the construction industry is throbbing. The amount of financial support from both government and independent contracts has been adequately decreased contractors are going to have a hard time funding and implementing their projects. Construction deals are being broken down and shut down due to a lack of bully while others are rolling without the correct needs, safety standards, and training programs. When the latter occurs there is a removed greater risk for a construction accident to happen.Structures used to facilitate construction, such as framework and scaffolding, are often non given the importance they deserve, because of their momentary nature and because their cost is not redeemable from a single construction as a line item. Consequently, in many countries, the accident and failure rate for temporary structures are higher than those in eternal structures. Every industrial accident leads to tragedies such as injury or death to persons, and damage to property and the environment, with all the linked direct and validatory costs and effort. Economically and professionally more important is the fact that accidents also lead to delays in the construction process. All these add up to un emergencyed repercussions, not only on the workers and the organizations concerned, but also on the entire construction industry, the community, and, if the accidents and failures are sufficiently great or frequent, on the government itself. Most of the accidents and failures in momentary structures may be traced mainly to minor mistakes in fabrication, to moderately inexpensive items of materials or equipment, and to oversight or negligence in the functioning of applicable codes and regulations (Alan Griffith, 2001).Statistic has shown that the be of casualty and perman ent disablement cases due to accident at the Malaysia construction sites is one of the uppermost as compared to the other sector. Even though the number of engineering accidents decreasing but the benefits paid to the accidents victims are ever increasing. Hence, there is an burning need to mitigate this problem. There are three basic travel that should be taken namely identifying the hazard, assessing the risk and domineering the risk to ensure a safe and conducive working condition. Implementation of effective hazards control methods may require different approaches due to changing of working environment at the construction sites. Latest technology employed at site had wiped out traditionalistic method of construction and consequently bring in new types of hazard to the industry.There is an state compulsion for workers to ensure their own safety and health and, in agreement with specific instructions and the preparation they have received, to make correct use of safety devices a nd observe all safety rules, both collective and individual, and any other means of protection, warning or control. This obligation also extends to the use of machinery, equipment, tools, substances and risky products to ensure that inappropriate use does not jeopardise the health and safety of other employees and persons who may be there in the place of work.The basis of British health and safety law is the Health and Safety at overwork etc Act 1974.The Act sets out the general duties which employers have towards employees and members of the public, and employees have to themselves and to each other. These duties are capable in the Act by the code of so far as is reasonably practicable. In other words, an employer does not have to take method to avoid or reduce the risk if they are technically hopeless or if the time, trouble or cost of the measures would be grossly disproportionate to the risk. What the law requires here is what superior management and general sense would lead e mployers to do anyway that is, to look at what the risks are and take reasonable measures to tackle them. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (the Management Regulations) generally make more clear what employers are required to do to manage health and safety under the Health and Safety at Work Act. Like the Act, they contribute to every work activity (Vivian Ramsey, 2007).The injure and death rate on buildings sites in London makes construction work the most risky job in the capital. People are injured every day and on average someone dies every month. What makes this even more appalling is that these are the least accident rates yet recorded. Our report is concerned with improving the health and well-being of Londons construction workers at a time when construction work is booming. Nearly 5 billion is being spent each year, just on new building projects. It is clear that we are not yet doing all we can to stop accidents. The industry has set itself targets to reduce accidents, but is not yet on track to reduce these targets. Everyone involved in commissioning, delivering and working in construction still must do more to make this industry as safe as any other. We should not accept as a fact of life that construction work is dangerous and nothing can be done. The 2012 Olympics is the perfect cabinet for how construction projects can be Commissioned and delivered to the highest standard. We do not want a repeat of the Situation in Athens where 14 workers died on the projects unswervingly associated with the Olympics and as many as 26 in the building of chase transport infrastructure (Richard Fellows, 2001).Complete safety does not exist. Safety is often defined as taking acceptable risks. This recognises that in fact every activity, whether it is madcap a car, cooking in the kitchen or working on a drilling rig has linked risks. By accepting that there will perpetually be a certain risk concerned it is possible to reduce risks, by d ropping the chance of an unsafe event and mitigating its result. Lack of training has been know as one of the major contributory factors in accidents and ill health in construction. Many activities are made safe simply by ensuring that those doing the work have knowledge of and understand the importance of safe practices. The incidence of inspections depends on the nature and place of work. For example, following the first inspection, work at places over two metres in height require weekly inspections. In contrast, for work in excavations (including shafts and tunnels), inspections are necessary at the start of every shift. Inspections help to ensure that safety is monitored during changing site circumstances. Reports detailing inspections are generally required every time an inspection is carried out, but there are exceptions. ExecutiveResearch methodologyIn order to understand the various health and safety measures in the present construction industries in Britain different meth odologies have to be adopted.Primary Sources interviewDirect Interview is one of the main sources of primary information today. This method would be used for the internal research. The internal research will focus on a few semi-structured interviews with a few senior and top managers. The intention is to formulate a true picture of the health and safety measures used in Great Britain These interviews will help to find out the reasons for the accidents occurring in construction industries.QuestionnairesAnother methodology that I hope to adopt for my research is the questionnaires. Questionnaires are more economical, and easier to arrange the answers too will be in a standardized format. In situations of difficulty to get appointments with the top-level managers this method would be used. Postal questionnaires will be sent to top managers of the Companies and the responses can be analyzed.Secondary SourcesBook ReviewsThe external research will be carried out through the reading and u nderstanding of promulgated material. This includes books and articles written on the importance of safety in the construction industry, the types of construction hazards, British Labour Law on the protection against occupational risks and industrial accidents, construction site security. Etc.Internet ResearchInternet research is another source of secondary data. This will be used to gather historic and current information on health and safety in the world especially in Britain. This will also help us to get information on Company infrastucture as a whole.DocumentsDocuments can be treated as a source of data in their own right. In effect it can be an alternative to questionnaires, interviews or observation. This includes published materials of company detailsData analysisIn order to analyze the data both quantitative and soft research has to be performed.Qualitative researchIn qualitative research words are the units of analysis. Qualitative research tends to be associated with des cription. The data needed for qualitative analysis has to be gathered from interviews and questionnaires. Methods like ethnography will be used for the process of qualitative analysis and ethnographic data storage package will be used to store information. There are many advantages of using such software which will help store the data safely, the data can be coded easily, and retrieval of data will be more reliable. Computerization removes barriers and scales to the scale and complexity of analysis. There are virtually no clerical limits to how much stuff you get now, and few to how complex it is. (Richards and Richards 199340)Quantitative researchQuantitative research tends to be associated with numbers, as the unit of analysis and it tends to be associated with statistical data. Charts and graphs have to be constructed from the figures and information gathered from the questionnaires and researches. Word processing and spreadsheet packages can be used for this purpose. Informatio n in the form of numbers will be gathered from Company Mangers by using different data collection tools like questionnaires, review of previous documents etc. and the data will be used to construct meaningful figures and charts using software.Form of PresentationThe dissertation will be presented in a written form supplemented with charts showing current and historical data.Projected FindingsThe importance of health and safety measures in the construction industries and the methods used in Britain.REFERENCESPhil Hughes (MSc, FIOSH, RSP.), Ed Ferrett , Introduction to health and safety in construction, Butterworth-Heinemann 2 mutation (2005)Alan Griffith, Tim Howarth, Construction health and safety management, Longman (2001)Vivian Ramsey, Construction law handbook, Thomas Telford Ltd (2007)Richard Fellows, David Langford, Robert Newcombe, Sydney Urry, Construction Management in Practice, WileyBlackwell 2nd Edition edition (2001)http//www.forthconstruction.co.uk/downloads/an-introduc tion-to-health-safety.pdf accessed on 14/12/09 at 5.30 pmhttp//www.engineeringpage.com/technology/safety/safety_induction.html accessed on 14/12/09 at 6.00 pmhttp//www.hse.gov.uk/construction/index.htm accessed on 14/12/09 at 6.00 pmhttp//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/149934.php accessed on 14/12/09 at 10.30 pmhttp//www.profkrishna.com/ProfK-Assets/CAFEOPaper.pdf accessed on 15/12/09 at 8.30 pmhttp//eprints.utm.my/445/1/1A_5._Abdul_Rahim_Hazard_at_construction_site_PAGE_(95-104).pdf accessed on 15/12/09 at 11.30 pmhttp//rome.angloinfo.com/countries/italy/work13.asp accessed on 15/12/09 at 12.30 amhttp//www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/hsc13.pdf accessed on 16/12/09 at 1.30 pmhttp//www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/health/construction.pdf accessed on 16/12/09 at 5.30 pmhttp//www.healthandsafety.co.uk/conregs.htm accessed on 16/12/09 at 10.00 pmBIBLIOGRAPHY.John R. Illingworth, Construction methods and planning, Taylor Francis, 2 edition (2000)http//www.constructionhealthandsafety.co.uk/ ac cessed on 16/12/09 at 12.30 amhttp//www.theiet.org/publishing/books/bus-comp/construction-health-safety.cfm accessed on 16/12/09 at 1.00 am