Communists Win Chinese Civil War Essay Example for Free

Socialists Win Chinese Civil War Essay What amount of the Cold War was influenced by the Chinese Civil War? One may pose themself this inquiry and not discover an answer since one may barely care about another nation being a piece of various wars simultaneously. The Chinese Civil War affected the Cold War totally. The Chinese Civil War left a heritage of numerous individuals, significant occasions ever, significance towards the Cold War and numerous others. The individuals who caused this war to happen likewise left behind their own objectives alongside their own heritages. â€Å"The Chinese Civil War was a common war battled between the Kuomintang (KMT), the overseeing gathering of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) for the control of China which in the long run prompted Chinas division into two Chinas, Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan and Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in Mainland† (Chinese Civil War, 2012). The KMT and CPC are the gatherings of individuals who made the Chinese Civil War on account of their various and one of a kind convictions on government. This war for control started in April 1927 during a similar time of the Northern Expedition, which was a military crusade drove by the KMT to bind together China under the Kuomintang flag (2012). The Cold War started in 1941 or most assets state precisely after WWII demonstrating that both the Chinese Civil War and Cold War went on in a similar timeframe ever (Cold War, 2012). In the Chinese Civil War the principle target of each ground-breaking party was to deal with China and build up their contemplations on government. This common war denoted the third biggest war ever, being spoken to by ideological split between the Nationalist KMT and Communist CPC (2012). The fundamental heads of the Chinese Civil War were the Nationalist’s pioneer, Chiang Kai-shek, and the Communist’s pioneer, Mao Zedong. The Chinese Civil War finished because of significant dynamic fights finishing in 1949-1950 (2012). Most would state the war is as yet going on with no closure yet in light of the fact that no cease-fire or harmony settlement has been marked at this point. With most assets demonstrating the Civil War of China finished around 40 years sooner than the Cold War (Cold War, 2012), yet considering the Chinese Civil War never had a cease-fire nor harmony settlement the war has never accurately finished or endedâ at all. The Chinese Civil War was primarily finished however because of the Sino-Japanese War devastating the KMT seriously toward their ethical, troops, and trust all through China. The Japanese attacked right now compelling the KMT and CPC to join trying to drive out the attacking Japanese (2012). Moreover, the KMT while guarding Japanese assaults lost numerous losses, yet once it was the CPC’s turn they safeguarded unquestionably more than desire pushing the Japanese back some utilizing guerilla fighting (2012). This increased a great deal of regard and trust inside the CPC adding new supporters to its gathering. After this finished the Western-bolstered Nationalist KMT and the Soviet-upheld CPC returned at it for the contr ol of China (Chinese Civil War, 2008). The most recent three years of the war are all the more usually known as the War of Liberation, or then again the Third Internal Revolutionary War (2012). â€Å"On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the Peoples Republic of China with its capital at Beiping, which was renamed Beijing; Chiang Kai-shek and roughly 2 million Nationalist Chinese withdrew from territory China to the island of Taiwan† (2012). The Chinese Civil War influenced the Soviet Union and United States from numerous points of view. Among the timespan of World War II the United States turned into a huge factor in Chinese undertakings (Chinese Civil War, 2011). The United States as a partner helped the Nationalist government by sending a program of enormous military and money related guide in the late long periods of 1941 (2011). â€Å"In January 1943 the United States and Britain drove the path in reexamining their arrangements with China, finishing an era of inconsistent bargain relations† (2011). By doing this the United States were attempting to turn into a solid partner with China, balancing out power in after war East Asia (2011). â€Å"As the contention between the Nationalists and the Communists heightened, be that as it may, the United States looked for fruitlessly to accommodate the adversary powers for an increasingly compelling enemy of Japanese war effort† (2011). â€Å"Toward the finish of the war, United States Marines were utilized to hold Beiping and Tianjin against a potential Soviet invasion, and strategic help was given to Nationalist powers in north and upper east China: (2011). American tacticians bantered among themselves on whether the United States ought to mediate trying to forestall a Communist triumph, which would be following the arrangement of regulation (2011). In December 1945 General George Catlett Marshall showed up in China with the musings of additional so bringing the KMT and CPC together to manufacture aâ coalition government that would comprise of all the fighting political and military gatherings in China (2011). â€Å"Under Marshalls direction, the Nationalist and C ommunist groups set up an Executive Headquarters at Peiping, China (otherwise called Beijing), in January 1946† (2011). The United States Army named military staff into central station attempting to help manage the truce arrangements (2011). Joined State powers were as yet considered responsible towards occurrences of savagery between the Communist and Nationalist forces (2011). Besides, â€Å"the United States likewise helped repatriate Japanese armed force staff who were abandoned in China after World War II† (2011). Lamentably for General Marshall, both the Nationalist’s and Communist’s agents couldn't bargain or go to a concession to certain central issues or give up the domains they had picked up in the hour of the Japanese acquiescence (2011). Due to these miscommunications and terrible haggling between both of the Nationalist and Communist powers, the truce endeavors flopped following a while bringing about fights continuing on by and by (2011). The ceasefire maintained between the two powers before long self-destructed in the spring of 1946 (2011). â€Å"Negotiations still continued† (2011). â€Å"On 08 January 1947 Marshall was had, understood that American endeavors shy of enormous scope outfitted mediation couldn't stop the war† (2011). â€Å"Marshall was then authorized as Secretary of State in President Trumans Cabinet† (2011). After this General George Catlett Marshall persuaded Congress to give Europe $13 billion to help modify, this got known as the â€Å"Marshall Plan† (2011). â€Å"Marshall got the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953† (2011). The United States still firmly helped the Nationalists with huge monetary credits, however no military help (2011). The Chinese Civil War fights turned out to be more seethed between the two powers (2011). The two powers now battled for an area as well as for the loyalty of cross segments of the populace (2011). â€Å"By utilizing Manchuria as a base of flexibly and labor and by quickening the phases of Maos hypothesis, Communists field authorities crush ed Kuomintang powers in a progression of customary commitment in the late 1940s and set up the Peoples Republic of China in October 1949† (2011). After various operational set-moves in Manchuria the Communists had the option to assume control over the district and put more concentration towards the war south of the Great Wall (2011). â€Å"Stalin really attempted to control Mao on a few events while he gauged American reactions to advancements in China† (2011). The intersection of the Yangtze River finished in the breakdown of the KMT obstruction (2011). This drove straightforwardly to Chiang Kai-shek’s retreat to Taiwan and the development of the People’s Republic of China on October first, 1949 (2011). â€Å"The Mandate of Heaven had been pulled back from Chiang Kai-shek† (2011). This brought about the last triumph of the Communist powers drove by Mao Zedong in the Chinese Civil War; this threw an unpropitious pall over world undertakings (2011). Around the same time, Russia exploded its first nuclear bomb, finishing the United States directing command over atomic weapons (2011). The weapons contest had started with the atomic war danger continually being a significant steady worry vulnerable War (2011). The general effect of the Chinese Civil War finished in favor for the Soviet Union and conflicting with the United States. This is on the grounds that the United States were rehearsing a strategy of control. â€Å"The technique, control, is the methodology that the USA had of leaving the spread of Communism right speechless toward the beginning of the Cold War† â€Mr. Crow. Considering the United States didn't stop the spread of Communism to China, they can consider this occasion a misfortune vulnerable War. Then again, the Soviet Union (USSR) could think about this as a triumph vulnerable War considering they supported the Communist Party and power in China, helping them win the Chinese Civil War and spread the idea and conviction of Communism. The idea or conviction of Communism: â€Å"a hypothesis or arrangement of social association dependent on the holding of all property in like manner, genuine possession being attributed to the network all in all or to the state† (Dictionary.com, 2012). â€Å"Communism has ten fundamental boards, which are the Abolition of Private Property, Heavy Progressive Income Tax, Abolition of Rights of Inheritance, Confiscation of Property Rights, Central Bank, Government Ownership of Communication and Transportation, Government Ownership of Factories and Agriculture, Government Control of Labor, Corporate Farms and Regional Planning, Government Control of Education† (Communism Amorality, 2012). References â€Å"Chinese Civil War.† GlobalSecurity.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2012. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/operations/chinese-common war.htm.

Macroeconomic Performance of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Macroeconomic Performance of China - Essay Example The nation's monetary advancement is noticeable as far as every one of these variables - the tremendous bounce in per capita livelihoods, the expanded extent of exercises for non - state segment ventures, and its closer incorporation with the worldwide economy. The Chinese economy developed at a sound pace of 8% in the year 2000. The development was invigorated by strong macroeconomic approaches, and a good outer condition. PESTLE Analysis - an Introduction: PESTLE examination is a helpful instrument for comprehension the master plan of the earth, where you are working, and the chances and dangers that exist in it. By understanding the earth in which you work (outside to your organization or office), you can make the most of the chances and limit the dangers (RAPIDBI). Explicitly the PEST or PESTLE examination is a valuable instrument for understanding dangers related with showcase development or decrease, and as such the position, potential and bearing for a business or association. World of politics: Political powers impact the enactments and government rules and guidelines under which the firm works. Each organization faces political limitations as antitrust laws, reasonable exchange choices, and assessment programs, least utilization enactments, contamination and evaluating arrangements, regulatory exercises and numerous different activities, planned for securing the buyers and the nearby condition. These laws, rules and guidelines influence an organization's benefits. Notwithstanding, there are other political activities, for example, patent laws, government appropriations and item inquire about awards that help business exercises. Consequently, political powers impact the association both emphatically and adversely. Political action likewise impacts three extra capacities, viz. the provider work, the client work and the contender work. The client work is impacted by the political movement when government interest for items and administrations can make, continue, upgrade or dispense with many market openings. Financial Environment: Economic factors obviously demonstrate the nature and heading of the economy where a firm works. Each market is one of a kind and utilization designs change alongside the abundance of the purchasers in different market portions. For vital arranging all the financial patterns at national and global levels must be thought of. Prime loan costs, swelling rates and patterns in the development of the Gross National Product (GNP), general accessibility of credit, the degree of discretionary cashflow and the inclination of individuals to spend are the financial patterns that must be examined. The potential monetary effect of global powers gave off an impression of being seriously limited and was to a great extent limited as of not long ago. The focal point of monetary natural guaging was changed by the new global force specialists. The European Economic Community (EEC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and alliances of lesser-created nations (LDC) are three notable instances of compelling universal force dealers. Social Environment: The social condition is a significant factor as changes in the qualities, convictions, mentalities, feelings and ways of life in the public eye make potential open doors for an association. For an organization to develop, it is important to exploit cultural

Argumentative Essay Topics For College Students - What Essay Topics Should I Use?

Argumentative Essay Topics For College Students - What Essay Topics Should I Use?Argumentative essay topics for college students is crucial to help you be the best student you can be. In this article, I will discuss some of the most important topics that every student should know in order to be successful on their college admissions.The first thing you should do is to decide what debate will be your best topic. This is something that should be done in the first year when you start college. You should start by researching different debate styles. There are many ways to research this, but you will have to make up your own mind on which one to do.After you decide on which debate style to do, the next step is to find a debate that fits your topic. Once you have found a good debate, you should do as much research as possible on that topic.If you make a strong argument for a particular topic, it will be easy for admissions officers to see that you can do well on the test. There are many di fferent essay topics for college students, but if you want to be successful in college, you must have the ability to write persuasively. That is why so many people fail out of college.Another topic you should use for your argumentative essay topics for college students is political correctness. College students need to have an argument that explains why the issues they are debating are controversial or relevant. These topics must also explain why the topic is such a big deal to the student.One of the best argumentative essay topics for college students is historical fact. You should always remember that you can find very powerful information on any subject. You just have to search for it.Many people try to write about easy facts when in reality it is really difficult to be a college student and know how to write a persuasive essay. You should always remember that your entire essay will be judged on its merit.Your essay topics for college students must be specific and you must make t hem compelling. The more convincing and compelling your essay, the better the chance you have of getting accepted into college.

Character Analysis The Joy Luck Club - 1005 Words

Every person in the world encounters some type of physical conflict ranging from hitting your head on a door frame to a tornado hitting someones home town. For those of you who do not really understand what physical conflict is, it is a type of external conflict that occurs in a story when individual characters struggle against other external forces; a character may struggle against other characters, animals or even natural forces. In the fictional book The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, one of the Chinese women part of the Joy Luck Club known as Lindo-Jong suffers an ongoing physical conflict between her and her future husbands family the Huangs; from the age of twelve to the age of sixteen years old when her parents leave her behind and†¦show more content†¦Not only did her parents leave her at the age of twelve, young Lindo-Jong was â€Å"trained† to be a good wife for her future husband; in other words she was treated as a servant in the house until she got married to the Huangs son Tyan-yu.Lindo-Jong states,†No big celebration was held when I arrived...Tyan-yu was not there to greet me. Instead, Huang Taitai hurried me upstairs to the second floor and into the kitchen, which was a place where family children didnt usually go. This was a place for cooks and servants. So I knew my standing(pg 55.)†Over the next few years Huang Taitai ordered servants to teach Lindo-Jong how to cook food that made her husband satisfied,and how to sew sharp corners on pillows and embroider her future family name, how to clean a chamber pot spotless,and do laundry exceptionally good. During that time Lindo-Jong had to be an obedient wife and do what she was told. As time passed the Huangs tried to force their thinking onto Lindo-Jong that Tyan-yu’s opinion was more important than her life, and nothing was better than pleasing her future mother Huang-Taitai; but through it all she had to stay there with that family and not to voice her opinion about anything, she had to stay silent so she did not appear as a terrible wife and disgrace her familys name. Even though Lindo-JongShow MoreRelatedJoy Luck Club Character Analysis1045 Words   |  5 PagesThe Joy Luck Club Theme Analysis The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan is an entertaining book that focuses on four Chinese American immigrant families. They face problems in their hometown which causes them to move to the United States. They end up moving to San Francisco and face many different problems with their cultural background. The theme of The Joy Luck Club is the relationship between both the mothers and their daughters. A variety of different events occur throughout the book that explainsRead MoreJoy Luck Club Character Analysis1032 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Joy Luck Club, the daughters of the Chinese immigrant mothers consistently struggle with communication and understanding, partially because of the language barrier between them, and partially because of the different circumstances they have been raised in. In the article â€Å"Thoughts From the Daughter of a Chinese Mother,† the writer notes an increasingly different set of values from one generation of immigrants to the next, stating â€Å"...the next generation of kids grow up spoiled by Western notionsRead MoreThe Movie, The Joy Luck Club, By Amy Tan1563 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie, the Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, we see many examples of the challenges of intercultural translations. The movie portrays cultural conflict between Chinese culture and the American culture as portrayed by the lives of four mothers and their daughters. The mothers were born and raised in China, adopting the high-content Chinese culture, while their daughters, born and raised in America, adopted the low-context American culture. This movie clearly brings out the cultural clashes andRead MoreAnalysis of Joy Luck Club Essay750 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Joy Luck Club Ask any typical-looking Asian students around campus whether they are Chinese or Japanese and the reply will probably be universal: Neither, Im Chinese-American. In reality, developing a clear concept of exactly how they define themselves as a race has become a difficult thing to do in this day and age for most Chinese-Americans. Many have become so well adjusted to the American way of life, that the only thing still tying them to their ancestral roots isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Your Mother Is Your Bones About The Joy Luck Club 1125 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Responses to the Novel Orville Schell wrote the article â€Å"Your Mother is in Your Bones† about The Joy Luck Club. 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On e of these stories is â€Å"Two Kinds,† which looks into the life of Jing-Mei Woo and her struggle to gain a sense of self. Some key themes in The Joy Luck Club are the generational and intercultural differences among Chinese-American families, the complex mother-daughter relationshipRead More Mother and Daughter Similarities in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club1955 Words   |  8 PagesMother and Daughter Similarities in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club â€Å"Here is how I came to love my mother.   How I saw her my own true nature.   What was beneath my skin.   Inside my bones.† (Tan 40)   Ã‚  Ã‚   The complexitities of any mother-daughter relationship go much deeper then just their physical features that resemble one another.   In Amy Tan’s novel The Joy Luck Club, the stories of eight Chinese women are told.   Together this group of women forms four sets of mother and daughter pairs. TheRead MoreReading report: Two Kinds by Amy Tan1347 Words   |  6 PagesReading report: Two Kinds by Amy Tan A summary of the passage Two kinds, one of the short stories in The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, first published in 1989, vividly displays a bittersweet relationship between Jing-mei, the narrator and protagonist, and her mother Mrs. Woo, and explores conflicts between a Chinese mother and her disobedient Americanized daughter. The story happened in the Chinatown in San Francisco throughout the 1950s and maybe the early 1960s. It begins with Jing-mei and her

Recommendations For Wellness And Fitness - 1184 Words

MEMORANDUM TO: Director of Health and Human Services FROM: Manika Gupta, Hofstra University President of the Wellness Council of America (WELCOA) DATE: March 23, 2015 RE: Recommendation for Wellness and Fitness in the Workplace Summary Wellness in the workplace is an important part of all professions where employers need to promote healthier lifestyle. There should be programs to improve the overall health of workers without making employers spend more on insurance for their employees. Factors such as refining employee knowledge on health, helping employees acquire health screenings and follow-up care, immunizations, and the reduction of hazards found in the workplace can all be promoted in the workplace (The U.S. Dept. of Labor, 2012). The wellness and fitness programs should be beneficial to both the employer and the employee. They should be more aware regarding the preventive treatment, also giving them access to fitness centers. There are discussions about the implementation of these wellness and fitness programs. My focus as the President of WELCOA is to recommend the ways for implementation of these programs. Background More than 130 million workers have employment in the United States. These individuals spent a major amount of their time at work. So, wellness and fitness programs should be a part of any workplace to promote physical and mental well-being. The program would lead to the reduction in the healthcare cost per employeeShow MoreRelatedInsurance Company1049 Words   |  5 Pagessuburban area which included elegant offices and a Fitness Center. The management touted the Fitness Center as drawing factor for young employees into the company. Employees who used Fitness Center are found to be more productive and less absentees at work. Joseph Mirola, the Claims Manager for the company, is a fitness lover. He believes Fitness Center will benefit the firm. Zachary Evans, Vice President of Operations, is thinking to shutdown Fitness Center to reduce costs. Joseph Mirola has to sendRead MoreThe Key Market Success Factors For This Industry848 Words   |  4 PagesFitbit will need to focus on continuing to build their user base and establish credibility as a fitness or health expert to lock out new entrants and play with established fitness brands like Nike. The analysts at Moor Insights Strategy have described some of the key market success factors for this industry (2013). Devices must be easy and intuitive to use, comfortable to wear, and reliable. As sensors grow smaller and smaller, the ability to integrate them into wearable devices without impactingRead MoreHSM 541 Week 6 You Decide Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesway to reduce their costs and also try to manage productivity in all areas and job categories. 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There are lots of studies have shown that employees, who get regular exercise, have better performance on theRead MoreWellness Plan1575 Words   |  7 PagesDeveloping an Organizational Employee Wellness Plan Sample Outline This outline is intended to be a starting point to guide state agencies in developing their own agency-specific wellness plan. The provided outline addresses specific points to consider in developing the agency plan, but each agency will need to add additional content to define adequately what and how each activity will be implemented in the agency. While the outline is presented in this format for ease of reading and brevityRead MoreSoap Companies Do Battle1740 Words   |  7 PagesFun or Fitness? 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In addition, 95 million Americans currently use their phone for health-related uses (The Atlantic), and by 2018, the overall number of wearable devise shipped to consumers is expected to reach 130 million (HuffingtonRead MoreThe Current Remuneration And Performance Management Of The Customer Service / Sales Team At Majestic Health And Fitness Ltd1617 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This report provides an analysis of the current remuneration and performance management of the customer service/sales team at Majestic Health and Fitness Ltd. By breaking down the current system, this report will look at both the strengths and weaknesses, compare to trade norms and competitors, and finally provide recommendations based off findings and academic literature. Majestic Ltd is a medium sized enterprise consisting of a total of 105 employees spread between five locations inRead MoreHow to Write a Business Report Essay18530 Words   |  75 Pagesdescriptive and analytical text †¢ Often created with specialised software (e.g. Crystal Reports) †¢ Rarely involves conclusions or recommendations †¢ Strongly fact-based: what, where, why, who, when, how †¢ Created to document non-routine situation †¢ May be used to detect emerging problems †¢ May use standard format print/online document †¢ Occasionally will give conclusions and recommendations †¢ Strongly fact-based: what, where, why, who, when, how †¢ Created to document non-routine situation †¢ May be used to detect

The Role Of Captive Primates On Zoos And Sanctuaries

I. Intro A. Since the first zoo was opened, people have sought out the exotic animals’ captive in them. Primates are one of the most common species found in zoos and sanctuaries because of their resemblance to humans. In the 2000s, people knew little on how to care for and treat primates in zoos and sanctuaries. Later, in the 2010s improvements in care, health, and animal rights have been made to increase the quality of life for captive primates. Research Question: How has various aspects of captive primates changed in zoos and sanctuaries? II. Body A. 2000-2010 Environment changes in zoos and sanctuaries via advances in diet, socialization, enclosure space, etc. i. † Just a decade ago, animal rights activists advocated the â€Å"liberation† of apes in zoos, some unaware that a revolution in great ape exhibitry was under way worldwide. Today, 40 AZA zoos are currently planning or implementing significant improvements in their elephant exhibits (J. Maddy, personal communication, June 11, 2006). Many primate experts endorse exhibits designed to provide appropriate social stimulation and challenge the animal’s intellect. What is good for apes may be equally good for elephants†, (Maple 65). ii. â€Å"In captivity, the more stable and mostly higher food availability in combination with proper medical care, improved hygienic circumstance and lack of predation generally are found to reduce age of first reproduction [Parga Lessnau, 2005; Shumaker et al., 2008; Sugiyama Ohsawa,Show MoreRelatedThe Falling Population of the Endangered Asiatic Lion Essay examples2966 Words   |  12 Pagessouth-west Asia to eastern India1â⠂¬ . The Asiatic Lion is currently situated in India’s Gujuat State, â€Å"numbering approximately 175 mature individuals, all occurring within one subpopulation1† – According to Red List. The Asiatic Lions exist mainly in the sanctuary of Gir Forest, in an area of 1153km2. They are a sub population. The Asiatic Lion has decreased since 1974, however, recent analysis shows that Asiatic lions are now sable1, but, poaching has increased2. They have been poached more commonly nowRead MoreAnimal Personality As An Individual s Distinguishing Pattern Of Behavior3801 Words   |  16 PagesPsychologist have been interested in the role of individual differences in behaviour that may reflect temperament or personalities. This line of research has resulted in a number of studies revealing individual differences in personality traits in such diverse species as primates, marine mammals, insects, fish, invertebrates, and birds (Gosling, 2001). To add to the growing literature on animal personality, the personality of five Asian elephants at Melbourne Zoo was explored. The personality of theseRead MoreKenyan Tourism Industry11160 Words   |  45 PagesPinsky and Rahr (2005) argue for potential of inclusion of recreation angling as form of ecotourism. Novelli, Barnes and Humavindu argue that t rophy hunting should also be included into ecotourism. Ryan and Saward (2004) in regard to captive aspect of ecotourism argue that zoos redesigned to mimic noncaptive habitat could too qualify as ecotourism. There is more debate on inclusion of more cultural element in ecotourism and more recently inclusion of indigenous ecotourism wherein its argued that centuries

Brave New World Novel Essay Example For Students

Brave New World Novel Essay A brave new world by aldus huxley the novel brave new world is like no other in fantasy and satire. It predicts a future overpowered by technology where the people have no religion. Has huxley written about a degrading way of life or has he discovered the key to a perfect world that should be called utopia? This essay will show that upon close analysis the way of life in the novel is justifiable and all the precautions that are taken are needed to preserve their lifestyle. This essay will also show that however different and easily looked upon, as horrible as their lives seem to be, in actuality it is better than ours. The first argument that would contradict the fact that brave new world is a utopia is the government overpowering the world, causing the loss of freedom and liberty in the people. Before judging their lives the reader must ask himself one simple question: is it really that bad? Obviously no it’s not. In the novel, the people don’t have to worry about having a job. One must remember that being born and raised in utopia, one does not know what freedom is and therefore does not know what is missing. Freedom leads to happiness, and if one already possesses happiness, then there is no need for freedom, especially if your government is making sure that all your needs are satisfied. Religion plays an important role in people’s lives. It represents our principles and values. Religion guides us, gives us something to believe in and a set of rules to live by. However, who is to say that one hundred years from now people will still believe and practice religion? Mustapha mond when referring to the holy bible says that â€Å"they’re old; they’re about god hundreds of years ago. Not about god now† (huxley, p. 37). Mustapha mond is saying that with the evolution of time the need for religion has disappeared and has been replaced by the worship of another god who is ford. They basically live a fulfilled life and then they die. Also thanks to their conditioning they do not fear death but accept it as a way of life. That alone is a task that our world still has not been able to accomplish. In our world we must go through the ritual of the funeral. After one has died, his family must go through an enormous task of planning, organizing and dealing with the death of their now gone loved one. In utopian civilization, the people are isolated from one another, divided into five different classes. The classes range from the alphas, the betas, the gammas, the deltas and finally, the epsilons. The members of each class are ranked according to their mental capacity and physical appearance. During the d. h. c. ’s lecture to his students he tells them how by depriving certain embryos of oxygen will affect their stature. â€Å"the lower the cast, the shorter the oxygen. † (huxley, p. 13) it seems unfair that even before you are born, your future is already written out for you. However upon further study, one will realize that this sort of precaution is necessary. In our world, one has to face racism and stereotypes because people feel threatened by what is different. This conditioning is how the utopian society eliminated the problem. First of all, each class is conditioned to love their ranking and to realize that everyone is important and is indispensable to the society. The i! Mportant thing here is that the lower classes are not jealous of the superior classes but even believe that their work is too tiring for them. The mental inferiority is very important for the survival of the utopian society. .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 , .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 .postImageUrl , .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 , .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36:hover , .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36:visited , .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36:active { border:0!important; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36:active , .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36 .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube19bf999cae33b4a7f324f42b495c36:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sister Carrie Naturalism EssayIf the lower classes got too smart they would want to move up in life and that would ruin the stability of the society. Another precaution taken to prevent chaos to the society is the restraint of history, culture and art to the utopian civilization. According to our views, these things are unquestionably important and we would go as far as saying that we could not live without them. But for these people, they are insignificant. Education to us leads to knowledge and for us knowledge is power and power runs the world. However for them there is no need for education because they do not need power. Power will not get them any farther in life then what is already written out for them. The only kind of books in brave new world accessible to the public are reference books. Books with opinions and emotions are non-existing. This discretion is needed because those types of books could challenge the hypnopaedic propaganda served to the people. The hypnopaedia was given for a reason, it is the tool used to stabilize the society. If stability is threatened so will be the utopian world. Of course some will say that they will miss their families and relationships and most of all, love. But the people in utopia once again have never experienced any of these. They were brought up in conditioning centers and feel that parents and family are primitive. The mere sound of the word annoys them. â€Å"mother, he repeated loudly rubbing in the science; and, leaning back in his chair, these, he said gravely are unpleasant facts; i know it. But then most historical facts are unpleasant† (huxley, p. 23). In our world, parents pass on to their children their own values and principles. What they may become as a result of their upbringing could be doctors, lawyers, accountants, robbers, rapists and murderers. In the utopian society everyone is raised and conditioned the same way abolishing the bad apples in our society. Monogamy is discouraged by the utopian society and considered improper † four months of henry foster, without having another man — why, he’d be furious! If he knew†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (huxley, p. 40). This restrains peoples from getting too emotionally involved and putting their loved one’s needs before the society’s. In the utopian society, everyone belongs to everyone else. One might easily point out that these precautions are too extreme. But one thing that can not be ignored is that in brave new world there is no war, no diseases and no old age. For people in our world that would be â€Å"utopia†. In the utopian society, â€Å"you’re so conditioned that you can’t help doing what you ought to do† (huxley, p. 244). Thanks to their conditioning, nobody even considers fighting. And if ever anyone gets angry or depressed, there is always soma. In our world soma would be seen as a drug and should not be used. Nevertheless as one of their hypnopaedic quotes says, â€Å"they used to drink enormous quantities of alcohol†(huxley, p. 53). That statement proves that once again values are what changes one’s views towards situations. Our alcohol is their soma except for the fact that soma has no side-effects. There are only three characters in the brave new world that do no like their lifestyle. Bernard marx is an alpha-plus and therefore should be living the â€Å"good life†. But even though his mental status is that of an alpha-plus, his physical appearance is similar to that of an epsilon. † they say somebody made a mistake when he was still in the bottle—thought he was a gamma and put alcohol into his blood-surrogate† ( huxley, p. 46 ) he quickly becomes an outcast and does not get along with the opposite sex. Bernard criticizes the utopian civilization until he discovers john the savage in the savage reservation and introduces him to society. .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc , .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc .postImageUrl , .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc , .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc:hover , .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc:visited , .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc:active { border:0!important; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc:active , .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb1d7e2a3ab17d7355ffb6c3bae63adc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Their contributions to the modern world EssayBernard then becomes somewhat of a celebrity and quite popular among the ladies. At that point, bernard is always bragging about how many girls he has slept with and stops his complaining about the utopian life. All this proves that if someone hadn’t made that mistake, bernard would not have become an outcast, women would have liked! Him and he would have liked this world. Bernard marx is an exception of bad conditioning, his life should have been different from the start. Helmholtz watson also does not like the utopian civilization. The problem with him is they let they him get too smart. That led him to want a better life, a dream he felt was unobtainable in utopia. Once again, if his conditioning had been done right and his intelligence had been controlled, he would not have had a problem with his world. Finally, the third character unhappy in utopia is john or better known as the savage. As a matter of fact, he should not even be considered as an unhappy civilian because he was not raised in the utopian civilization but in the savage reservation. He does not like it because he was not conditioned to be happy with who he is. In the savage reservation, he learned about god, religion and freedom, all things which are not taught in utopia. His values are different from a utopian’s. For instance, he beats himself with a rope to get a good harvest, which proves that a person can not judge others through his or her own values but through theirs. In conclusion one can clearly see that human beings can adapt to anything. The question is: do we want to adapt to a society like utopia? This is a world that one can not help but be happy, a world that replaced not destroyed religion, a world that even eliminated racism and stereotypes. It is a world where you only possess knowledge you need, where everyone has the same values and principals. Finally here is a world with no war, no disease and no old age. This question seems difficult to answer at first. Let’s rephrase this question. Forget adapting, is this a world you would want to be born in? That changes everything because you can no longer judge by your own values, principles and standards. You now have to picture how much you would like it if you were born there and followed the same treatment as the others. It was best said by mustapha mond at one point. â€Å"the key to happiness is enjoying who you are and what you do†.

Analytical Essays

Analytical Essays Analytical Essays Analytical Essays Writing analytical essays, your task is not to describe something but rather to analyze something.   For example, if your analytical essay is devoted to a prominent person, you should choose one aspect of his life and try to analyze it.   In particular, you may discuss how the childhood environment has shaped the moral development of that person.   The topics and approaching to uncovering them are diverse.   If you need help with writing your analytical essays, you have a perfect opportunity to get it here, at our site, .com.   Our professional writers will not let you down.   We do not decline complicated assignments and we are never late with the paper delivery. In addition, our writing guide contains numerous sample essays. Analytical Essays Sample The arrangement between the two women had an obvious social function. Seventeenth-century France was not a caste society. While there were pronounced gaps between social groups, in the daily routines of life people of different classes were constantly associating. This association was found even in the court where Louis XIII grew up: Haroard's Journal makes clear that the dauphin lived amid crowds of peasants and artisans, entertainers and beggars. Such instances are characteristic of that "sociability" - the mixing of ages and classes, and their "coexistence ... in a single space - which Ari's found to be so typical of premodern society. The fact that the children of the rich were nursed by poorer women is only one among many signs of the free association of people who differed greatly in status. However, if we look carefully at such situations, I think we find that they work to differentiate the participants one from another even as they give the appearance of bringing them closer together. Ostensibly a sign of familiar association, the nursing arrangement in fact powerfully emphasized class differences. The upper-class mother was provided with a conspicuous sign of her superiority in that she was free of a degrading occupation which other, poorer women had to perform. The nurse, on the other hand, was presented with an economic problem; or rather the difficulties of sustenance in her life were aggravated by the coming of another mouth to feed. The idea of respect for her masters and of her own lack of worth was underlined in that the nurse had to set aside her own infant and to devote her primary attentions to the intruding child in order to be acquitted of her part in the bargain. As a domesticated animal, she was alienated from her own motherhood. In spite of its air of i ntimacy, I think it clear that the overall effect of the transaction was a sharpened sense of the distance between the two women and between the social groups they represented. Hiring a nurse was part of a particular style of life. It helped to define the status of the participating mothers and of the families to which they belonged. At the same time, I think that this socially oriented analysis still leaves unexplored some facets of the problem. After all, our understanding of the reasons nurses were employed comes almost entirely from the medical literature in favor of maternal breastfeeding. Analytical Essays Custom Writing The first and the most important rule of analytical essays writing is - your analytical essay must be free of plagiarism. You cannot simply copy/paste information found online.   Your task is to provide an analysis of that information.   If you are not sure in your writing skills, you may order analytical essay writing service at our site.   There are no risks!   We guarantee confidentiality and we do not resell delivered papers. We are honest with our clients and we strive not to be late with analytical essays delivery.

Discussion 2 Example

Discussion 2 Example Discussion 2 – Coursework Example Discussion Surety for the scientific soundness and empirical support in favor of a treatment is primarily derived from research statistics. Not manypsychological interventions are investigated empirically because their proposers decline to offer them for research under the prevailing paradigms of research (The Australian Psychological Society Ltd., n.d., p. 1). Fact is; â€Å"scientific theories never become facts† (Lutus, 2013). However, application of the theories on particular cases reported in peer-reviewed journals and other publications yields valuable results and conclusions for other users. Intensive programs of behavioral intervention employ a variety of behavioral techniques which have to be changed along with the progress of the child and as the different areas of skill are developed (New York State Department of Health, 1999). Operant conditioning is one of the most used theories in behavioral psychology. One problem with operant conditioning exists in the comprehe nsion and application of the process of learning. Operant conditioning tends to define the whole learning and behavior in terms of the relationship between stimuli and consequences. Such approach is sometimes not suitable for explaining the various kinds of behaviors that the subject exhibits regardless of the stimuli. An alternative to operant conditioning is Real Training. Real Training may be used, for example, in cases when the subject e.g. the dogs have become contentious. It is the approach that imparts a need for the trainer to work with the dog to teach it the expected behavior. â€Å"To a real trainer, the idiosyncratic and unexpected responses any subject can give are the most interesting and potentially the most fruitful events in the training process† (Pryor, n.d.). Unlike operant conditioning, Real Training recognizes difference between just knowing and actual doing. This difference may characterize a contention point instead of a lack of conditioning (Hild, 2011 ). References:Hild, R. (2011). Real Training vs. "Operant Conditioning". Care Dog Training. Retrieved from caredogtraining.com/Articles/realtraining.htm. Lutus, P. (2013). Is Psychology a Science? Retrieved from arachnoid.com/psychology/. New York State Department of Health. (1999, Nov.). Chapter IV (Continued) - Behavioral and Educational Approaches. Retrieved from https://www.health.ny.gov/community/infants_children/early_intervention/disorders/autism/ch4_pt2.htm. Pryor, K. (n.d.). Don’t shoot the dog. Retrieved from papagalibg.com/FilesStore/karen_pryor_-_don_t_shoot_the_dog.pdf. The Australian Psychological Society Ltd. (n.d.). Evidence-based Psychological Interventions in the Treatment of Mental Disorders: A Literature Review. 3rd Edition. Retrieved from https://www.psychology.org.au/Assets/Files/Evidence-Based-Psychological-Interventions.pdf. Discussion 2 Example Discussion 2 – Coursework Example Can Science Be Sacred al Affiliation) Can Science Be Sacred? Adam Frank uses a previous experience, where he was coming from a Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) class and headed to the student cafeteria to get a cup of coffee, to explain the relationship between science and the sacred. He attributes his experience to the equations and states that solving the equations indicated a connection between science and the sacred. After noticing oscillations on the coffee’s surface from the ice cream freezer’s motor, he explains the theory of hierophany. Frank, (2012) explains that the relationship between science and the sacred lies in focusing on the experience. When the equations are solved practically, the solutions are understood through the experience. It is this experience that Frank describes as, â€Å"hierophany† (Frank 2012). The coffee cup incident was an experience of the sacred. It was from the incident that Frank extracted, â€Å"the connection, and the usefulness, of the sacred to a world saturated with the fruits of science† (Frank 2012). Science is fundamental to technological advancement; hence a path to discovering the sacred. Frank concludes that science is the gateway to the sacred. It is through science that humanity can focus on the experience that differentiates a religion from the sacred. Frank provides insight to what ought to be considered as religion and as sacred. The article develops an understanding that equations attempt to explain the sacred. In addition, the sacred is depicted to mean natural occurrences. For example, the planetary motion is a natural occurrence. However, the motion can be understood using a set of equations to analyze the movement. The article is clear and succinct on explaining the significance of science to experience the sacred. The article also sheds light as to whether the sacred can exist outside a religion. Faith forms the fundamental component of religion whereas experience is th e fundamental component of sacred. Religion is mainly based on the creed and doctrine of spiritual life. On the other hand, the sacred is the natural occurrences that are not influenced by human behavior, and that can be understood through science. Science cannot explain religion as it does explain the sacred. ReferenceFrank, A. (2012, January 20). Can Science Be Sacred? Retrieved January 30, 2015, from huffingtonpost.com/adam-frank/can-science-besacred_ b_1213082.html

Importance of Names in Lawrences The Book of Negroes Essay

Importance of Names in Lawrences The Book of Negroes - Essay Example Lawrence Hill through his writing techniques makes it very easy for our reading even as the heroine, Aminata Diallo is stolen from her small African village as a young girl and forced to cross the â€Å"big river†, while having to keep up with the harsh cruelty of travel through slave ship, being sold to sugarcane plantation owners in South Carolina and again being re-sold, while having her beloved husband on yet another plantation. Aminata’s husband risks his life and visits her quite often. While travelling to Nova Scotia, Aminata dreams of her child and her wishes of returning home to Africa one day. In her map, Aminata only sees Africa as composed of various wild animals including elephants and monkeys and women who are bare-breast. With her brave resistance, her skills in midwifery, reading and writing abilities and a steadfast desire to stay alive, Aminata finds the name of her homeland and travels there, finally making her last voyage to England, where she uses h er life story as a sign to empower people against slave trade. In this book, Lawrence Hill uses the title of his book â€Å"Someone Knows my name† to create a long lasting impression in the minds of his audience on the effects of slavery and how young and brave female persons resisted oppression. The story underscores a story of a female slave called Aminata and her painful journey through life and how she undergoes a series of name changing identifying circumstances just to stay afloat during the slavery days. In this book, Lawrence emphasizes that names are truly the beginning of a life’s long journey, it is what a person refers you by and it is applicable to someone’s life in very many different ways. Although names can also be common and bear significance to a certain aspect of life, the name in which Lawrence has chosen in his novel of places, people, objects and cultures bear a very practical relevance as regards to how a person perceives the other during an initial encounter. Names have a contributing factor on a pers on’s character and personality. The importance of names has been displayed in the novel by the various characters and personality characteristics that the author has provided to the characters. More importantly, Aminata comes out as a strong character in displaying the significance of names towards resistance against oppression. At the beginning of the story, the author describes how Aminata was captured into slave trade only to part of the resistance at later years joining the Black loyalists in their final journey to Nova Scotia, then a decade later she is still one of the thousands of Black loyalists in the Black-Africa movement who made their way into Sierra Leone. Initially, as a very young girl she rejects her father’s intentions to teach her in reading Koran. Later in her captivity, the spirit of determination is reinforced in her by observing Fanta’s rebellious behaviors, who acts as a yard stick for her determination and foundation for future involvemen ts in resistance. Her spirit of resistance grows stronger as Bilton also convinces her in organizing shipboard revolution. Although the revolt fails and many people are killed, Amanita and others survive this revolution by sheer force of will. At the same time, the doctor attempts to rape Amanita during Atlantic crossing, but she resists and able to discourage him by threatening him using spiritual retribution saying, â€Å"Don’t do that, or my father will return from the dead to

Types of Business Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Types of Business Organisations - Essay Example Sole Proprietorship: Sole proprietorship is the simplest type of business organisation. A sole proprietor is the sole owner of all of the assets of the business and is solely liable for all the debts and obligations of the business. Unlike a corporation, the business of the sole proprietor is not considered a separate entity. Rather, it is considered an extension of the individual. The sole proprietor is personally responsible for all legal debts and obligations of the business and is entitled to all the profits of the business. Angela Schneeman (2002). John Smith is a middle-aged man who has been running his own plumbing business successfully for the last 15 years and has built a good reputation within his community. His plumbing business has improved with each year and is doing very well. John’s plumbing skills and the work he has done over the years in his neighborhood has earned him a very good reputation and helped him to build a solid client base. John is very happy with his business and plans to hand over the business to Adam, his son, as he wants him to take over this sole proprietorship business when he decides to retire. According to Angela Schneeman (2002) the sole proprietor may delegate decisions and management of the business to agents, but all authority to make decisions must come directly from the sole proprietor, who is responsible for all the business related acts of employees.... must come directly from the sole proprietor, who is responsible for all the business related acts of employees. Sole Proprietorship Advantages: Running a sole proprietorship plumbing business for the last 15 years has provided John many advantages such as being able to choose his working hours, be his own boss, not have to answer to anyone but himself and finally enjoy all the benefits and profits earned out of the plumbing business. Working within his neighborhood also gave him the opportunity to know the residents in person and also establish new friendships and build himself a good reputation, since all of the plumbing work was done by John himself. Sole Proprietorship Disadvantages: On the other hand as John started to get older he began to notice, that working as a sole trader in his business made him shoulder the entire workload by himself, and when he needed help there was no one around, and all accounts and tax related matters had to once again be prepared in detail by him. The other big concern of John was the problem of business continuity, because he was nearing the age of retiring and wanted his son Adam to take over the business but Adam showed no interest when it came to plumbing and instead wanted to become a lawyer. John was concerned as to what will happen to his business. "Plumbco Ltd" a growing private limited company was interested in setting up its operations in the neighborhood that John Smith lived in, and they heard about his reputation in the neighborhood as a plumber and of the number of years that he had served the community. With this in mind, they approached John and gave him a proposal in which they wanted to buy out his

Examining The Leadership And Change Management Of Barclays Bank

Examining The Leadership And Change Management Of Barclays Bank Barclays Bank Europe, America, Africa and Asia is a vast presence, both for individuals and businesses provides a wide range of services.  Barclays has a long history that covers three hundred years, and its head office from London, that this operation fifty countries and 155,000 employees to offer more care. Barclays Bank lends, investment and more than 48 million people around the world for money does. Earliest roots of Barclays 1690, when Thomas Gold and silversmith John Freame Central London working as a bank to go back to start.  Seventy years later, the goldsmith bankers went into a major banking house, and later with nineteen other private banking concerns, the name Barclays and Company Limited, which reserves a set of 182 branches thus a major  £ 26  with funds provided under the Bank joined the million.  Barclays and the company is so often used Quaker Bank; At this point in time, Barclays and company family and religious links with the community was involved. Turn of the twentieth century, Barclays and the company started expanding rapidly, such as Bolithos Bank and United Counties Bank mdlyndz England South West taking a significant banks.  By 1918, Barclays Bank and Company in London South West Bank and Provincial Bank in the UK with one in five largest banks had to be. Barclays Bank of Japan until 1925, the Anglo Egyptian Bank and National Bank of South Africa with the merger had become a truly international organization.  Through a business deal that resulted in major Middle East, Africa and West Indies. Barclays Bank has always been an innovative company.  Barclays in 1966 before serving a UK credit card bank has become.  Next year in this world was the first bank of its users and to provide cash machines by 1972, her first TV ad was trying to become bank.  Barclays Bank UK end of the twentieth first century Tokyo and New York stock exchanges are listed bank shares has become, and it resulted in 2006 in which a high speed currency profits were 50% complete  is being moved outside the UK. Current events Reuters reported that the British government three banks, including Barclays, which over  £ 7 billion may seek 40 billion lbs (69 billion dollars) will admit.  Barclays later confirmed that his government rejected the proposal and instead of 6.5 billion pounds of new capital ( £ 2 billion dividend cancellation and by 4.5 billion pounds from private investors) will bear. In January 2009 according to press reports may need more capital and that the government agreed to fund this can be because it failed to do so by the State of Qatar in the past under investment rules  may have been a third party which shares much in October 2008 ordered compensation for them without receiving more money into Qataris. In March 2009 it was reported in 2008, Barclays insurance this preparation with AIG received billions of dollars, provided by the United States to bail out AIG Fund include 8.5bn $.  12 June 2009, Barclays Global Investors this unit, which includes an exchange of funds business, iShares, 13.5bn $ BlackRock business sold for.  In October 2009 the Standard Life Standard Life Bank Plc Barclays Plc sold.  1 January 2010 completed sales.  11 November 2009, Barclays and First Data, information technology to global trade, according to Barclays, which released the first data and consumer finance departments within the card platform will move is a compromise  .13 February, 2010 Barclays announced that more than 2 billion pounds in bonuses will pay. About leadership Leadership to achieve a desired goal all about harnessing people power and so the idea of leadership for organizational context can not be restricted.  This society through all the realms pervades, whether politics, religion or in corporate. Definition of leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ define leadership as we can: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ â‚ ¬Ã‚   George R. Terry to impress people for the purposes of the Working Group. Live happily. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ â‚ ¬Ã‚   interpersonal then use it and receive special purposes in the direction of guidance through the process of dialogue is the effect.   Robert Tannenbaum. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ â‚ ¬Ã‚   leadership of the affected people to achieve a common goal is to follow them Koontz ODonnell. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ â‚ ¬Ã‚   leadership is a process under which a person influences others praised the success of group or organizations goals by members of the group.   Baron and Greenberg à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ clear definition as above all of Western ideas is concerned.  This is because, with a structured course of study and analysis as a formal sector leadership has been established yet in India because it is in Western countries. Leadership theories Great man theory Great man is the duty of principles including leadership ability that great leaders are born not made.  Their most daring ideas, mythic and leadership needed to increase the fixed bynqab is as great leaders.  The term great man used because, at that time, leadership quality as a man thought about basic military leadership, especially in terms of, was. Logos theory Some ways similar great man theory, theory assumed that symptoms of some features and attributes that lead them to better Validating inheritance.  Symptoms often views a particular personality or behavior by leaders identified common features.  But important features of specific leadership traits, how we who owns these properties but do not utter a leader?  This question led symptoms using theories to explain the difficulties is one.  Many researchers have demonstrated successful leadership traits like leadership, but not always sure they are doing is a place of high honor, sir.  It was observed that more than 100 researchers recorded symptoms such hardly10% 5 or more study is published.  Written test or tests near symptoms by priority to the selection procedure is taken.  This notion is the biggest problem that we led ordinary or global attributes can not. Unexpected ideas Environment, especially that particular style of leadership which best situation is probably better for variables related attraction leadership contingency theories.According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all circumstances.  Variable success of leadership style and followers of various aspects of the situation, including the large number of features depends on.  Unexpected behavior rule is a rule that has no better claim to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to decide is a kind of way.  Instead, the process maximum course contingent on internal and external situation (depending) is.  Many unexpected approach being developed concurrently in the late 1960s.  He suggested that bureaucracy is as Weber and Taylors management theories in the past failed because they ignored his management style and organizational structure of the environment was affected by different aspects: unexpected element  .  Or organization for leadership there one best way can not.Historically, contingency theory that formal structures are usually associated with, or better able to use different techniques to develop about broad generalizations have tried.  View the work of Joan Woodward (1958), which says that technology directly control period, authority centralization, and formalization of rules and procedures as an organization to determine the different properties began with  . Feedback conditions Circumstances change theories suggest that leaders on the situation the best way of action is selected.  Different style of leadership decision-making for specific types may be more appropriate.  This approach features the specific circumstances or environment is operating more on a guide emphasizes.  Leadership qualities vary from status or circumstances, and that any traits or leadership skills in the right conditions can become a standard. Behavior theories Behavioral theories of leadership is the belief that great leaders made, not born but are based.  Build its leadership in behaviorism theory, not leaders on mental qualities or internal states focuses on the works.  According to this theory, people become leaders through education and monitoring can learn. PARTICIPATIVE views Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style one that takes account of other peoples input.  Their leaders by group members encourage and support participation and contribution of members of the group decision-making process more relevant and committed to do.  participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow others input Management ideas Management ideas (as well as Transactional theories is said) organization and group supervision focusing on the role of performance.  Rewards and punishment system based on principles of leadership.  Management concepts often used in business and when employees are successful, they are rewarded when they fail, they are reprimanded or punished. Related ideas Related concepts (as well as ideological change is said) establish relations between leaders and followers focus on.  Transformational leaders encourage and help members of the group the importance of encouraging people and seeing more good work.  The leaders of the group members are focused on performance, but also want each person to fulfill his or her potential with the style leader often has high moral and ethical standards. Leadership style Leadership style to provide direction, planning process, and how to inspire people and have vision.  U.S. Army book, 1973 led to identify three ways: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ push aside the dictatorial or Member PARTICIPATIVE à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ or democratic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ DELEGATIVE or Free State Although good leaders with one of these three styles are used, usually dominate, bad leaders want to stay with a style.  Barclays Bank is using the three leadership styles. Push aside the dictatorial or AUTICRATIC The style used when the leader your employees what he wants and how he wants without the advice of her followers have done is told.  Use some appropriate conditions is that when you all are aware of this problem, youre short on time, and your employees are also encouraged.  Some people run, demeaning language, using and led by threats and abusing their power as a car want to think about this scene.This is not push aside the dictatorial style but for someone abuse, unprofessional style bossing around people called.  A leader has no place in stock. Push aside the dictatorial style usually only be used on rare occasions.  If you have more time and commitment from their employees and want to get excited, you should use the participative style. PARTICIPATIVE or democratic -Style decision-making process of this type (determining what is and how to do) but including one or more employees are leaders. However, the leader maintains final decision making authority.  Use this style is not a sign of weakness, but strength of your employees will respect the signals.  It usually used when you share information, and in other parts of your employees is.  A leader is not expected to know everything thats why you employ staff with knowledge and capable.  The style is of mutual benefit using its employees to become part of the team allows you better and allows you to decide. DELEGATIVE or Free State In addition, non-intervention, interference in the affairs of others is not known.  This style, the leader allows employees to decide. However, MP is still responsible for such decisions are made.  When employees use it to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how it is able to do it.  All you can do anything!  Set your priorities and specific tasks must Representative. To use a lot that you blame others when things can go wrong but a scene is used below when you people be confident and sure style.  One to use it, however, should not be afraid to be effective, it will be used properly!  Here a number of different ways, or to leadership and management style and various mfruzun principles are based.The style that individuals use their beliefs, values and priorities will be based on a combination, as well as organizational culture and norms, which encourage anyone, and will discourage others. In this regard, the following different approach can be classified under the head. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ CHRISMATIC leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ PARTICIPATIVE leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ conditions under à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ TRANSACTIONAL leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ TRANFOMATIONAL leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a quiet leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Servant leadership Circumstances under which the organization decided to change the IMPLEMNT Organization change in the environment is like to face different challenges Absence of group skills Any organization is the most important skills that will increase its utility is established.Todays changing business environment and who were alive in the changing environment is efficient is.  The manager responsible for a positive change for others and encourage team work that the construction will change.  Not changing the rapid development of the other members easy environment manager accepts the need for change.  He helps them to understand new techniques and procedures.  You get good ideas but very real thing is accepted methods can be translated into these views.Measures the success of any change depends on approval. Lack of enthusiasm and encouragement To maximize movement between employees, managers need to think in terms of flexibility.  Yes, it needs to encourage employees.  Need to encourage employees in a diverse way of awards) ranks.  Manager of the most important goal of capacity development to help their employees and their development work on the various organizational areas provide a variety of learning experiences offered by can do so.1980 primary aspect of this work which various work skills to recognize the importance of work, autonomy, and feedback including Hackman point out One thing that an employees activities and art a number of different skills can use a variety of needs.  This full and identifiable piece of work requires the completion of his life or other peoples work had considerable influence.  If these things work in a person so important, precious and valuable as his or her work will see.  Job autonomy to the owner for work results of my personal responsibility to a sense of duty, and it provides that if a work is the opinion of staff know how effectively he or she will perform  .Encouraging to see from the perspective, these important dimensions shows that received internal awards when an employee shows that he or she is personally any work or they do not care that he has shown good performance on  are.  These conditions is one thing more, grater encourage employee performance and satisfaction and reduce his or her absence or resignation of the features and potential.  High growth with a highly individual experience serious psyc hological states and respond positively when their employment at the basic aspects of development is likely to include people need. Conflict Management A conflict between members of the organization ever arises.  This conflict is not always bad because sometimes good, with team conflict will learn more members, their problems in depth and would also give the most appropriate solution can understand.  Conflicts in the era of globalization teams identify and work success without sacrificing speed successful strategy decided.  But most times conflict results slow down work to success and effectiveness of control strategies will reduce.  An identity that are the root causes of conflict?  Some of these ideas and expectations, lack of information, uncertainty about roles with regard to personal differences are. The following are some points that help to deal with conflict are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ always work a lot of information. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Facts should primarily focus on. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ more than one alternative should be developed. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Everyone should be a goal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ decision process is injecting humor. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ resolve issues without forcing consensus. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ maintain a balanced structure of power. Power and politics Power is the ability to control the environment.  If they decide he has power and can work.  If an employee has the right without any instructions can work.  Sometimes very empowering for the organization is very important.  An organization where employees empowered, they observed each other, to correct improper procedures are responsible for, in.  Manager quickly empower your employees are led through.  The decision to increase staff discretion is involved.  Millions of employees work the most important decisions that directly affect their work are.  Activities until very recently they only work part of the manager as seen particularly busy.  Due to empower more employees to those companies who know about the problems are most urgent to need to make decisions.  If organizations successfully competing in a dynamic global economy, they make decisions and change is immediately enforceable.  Increased work demands, managers have to deal with peoples empowerment.  When employees are skilled, knowledge and experiences to their work competently and when they want autonomy and internal locus of control property, it can be beneficial. Rapid changes Organizational change because of changes in internal and external environment are for.  These changes in order for the organization must be flexible to adjust. Diverse workforce Problems faced by another organization organizational goals emulation members work in various organizational efforts are coordinated.  Todays diverse workforce organization gender, race, nationality, age and other characteristics in terms that reflect differences in the more heterogeneous are the property.  Organization requires a large labor force more capacity to meet market demand will be.  Employees do not set their cultural values and lifestyle preferences when it comes to work.  The challenge is for managers, so their organization more different lifestyle, family needs, work style and by addressing different groups of people are accommodating.  Smart managers understand that diversity can be an asset because a companys ideas and problem solving skills is a wide and extra help organizations better understand a diverse customer can. Globalization Management is now forced by national borders.  Globalization is the major importance, and certainly the world has become global village.  All sizes and types worldwide organization manager in the world market is facing challenges to work.Manager of environmental factor like this) ranks due to challenges in the face of doing business.  That, to organize effectively plan, control and should lead cultural differences around the world are successfully managed. General barriers in an organization Organization requires a different kind of talent, but sometimes it happens that the organization has expertise but still not working as it should.  In many cases, the administration is not sensitive to change.  Best use of creative enough potential employees are not put.  The main obstacle is lack of vision to prevent the company to complete use of resources is one.  One to identify problems and potential solutions should be.  If manager for success is the ability to identify opportunities for the development of this will be a barrier.  If creative solutions if administration is not able to identify the long term this will be a problem for the organization.  Another problem that hinders organizational development, not all members are able to deal with the changing environment.  Some rules and values of each organization and its members have to follow the rules and values.  All members would be sensitive to change in this business that change is constant everywhere s hould be the member must change. Effective management Effective management is about: candidates with complete knowledge and create space. To increase productivity , more opportunities should be encouraged. In his current role of the workers to staff growth performance . The best staff performance Increased his wife for. Employee empowerment is very popular term, its growth and change for any organization is important.  Empowering employees for the organization leads to the best results.  Business generally agree that empower employees and increase productivity of the organization and its employees are loyal to the organization. Empowered employees provide better products and services When employees have a right to feel that he is powerful and is more confident.  The trust then leads to better products and services.  Organization for the development and empowerment programs to deal with the changing nature is critical.  Improve its performance and employees are the property of their jobs and products and services for our customers will take delivery.  He is the organization where customer interface is the customer service level. Empowered employees are loyal Whatever situation, more employee business owners, do not like the selection, and training is very expensive.  If employees during organizational change based on organizational development and its commitment to ensure loyalty of employees are right there.  Empowered employees take ownership and pride in their jobs when they know that they needed to exercise independent judge can. Empowered employees are productive When employees feel valued and that they considered their decision and management want to hear their ideas, they work harder to prove yourself right.Organizational development programs to help employees to implement measures included calls for.  And this will increase productivity. Empowered employees create good ideas With every employee got some ideas.  They have different skills can be.  If they share their views and their right to manage development and change management decisions can provide important insight.  He regularly using modern methods can get different products.  Really effective organization development and organization change programs are interested, they acknowledge and reward their employees and give feedback on a regular basis. Empowered employees spread the word Organizational pride if they increased staff development and change program will be strong.  The more empowered employees are more satisfied and more likely that the word is how the company will for others are spread.  We Barclays and Lehman Brothers statement further from unity will discuss. Barclays and Lehman Brothers One Global financial services provider Barclays in 2008 to improve its market to U.S. Lehman Brothers acquired.  Major problems had occurred while the overall Business interruption à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ customers move to other banks at least à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ two different business culture Lehman brothers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivation of staff Agent as a CAHNGE Effective handling of problems The first step to solve this problem is to identify the cause of the problem.  Sometimes the problem with employees by talking common behavior problems such minor or occasional tardiness, etc. There is a problem coaching manager or with the other employees directly between them work to resolve the issue with employees  What is an agreement by which a solution can be.  With this opinion for employees to improve their performance to provide is the responsibility of leaders.  Coaching requires time and patience and his behavior was a result of employees will. Poor performance Sometimes an employees expertise but still he does not perform well.  The reason he is upset or unsystematic can or is reckless.  This one can be removed through proper guidance.  But if lack of expertise because of poor performance by additional training can be corrected. Job incompatibility Sometimes this happens due to poor performance of the employees that work according to their abilities was not found.  Their skills are not synchronized or assigned to work with are not compatible.  This problem can be resolved through additional training or set them different work. Dirty work Whenever you feel some of the mistakes that employee errors, point made and closely monitoring their work.  It still they have made a mistake, talk to them and being careless or because they do not work properly due to or try to find out.  But all this one must be positive and know how important it is that the company should have employees. Create an effective message Consider the needs of everyone in the organization and design according to your message so that they understand what you are saying can.  Employee performance depends more on your message.  An effective message will have a great effect on the performance of employees.  A face to face talks will be more appropriate to accept change and support staff can do. Listen to your employees Change management is vital to employee feedback.  Encourage your employees by e-mail or the Internet can provide information.  Successful management of change communication on the basis of stone.  You and your initial conversation with most employees need to understand their message. Stakeholders involved in the change process Investors and business partners and suppliers This change management process influenced by investors to gain their capital investment, but with the old policy did not get that much benefit.  So to achieve their goals for change management process include. Bank employees Bank staff involved in change management process and against the change process because by the old policy is used to work on. Customer Customers included in the change process and change is in favor because they want immediate results and innovation in the organization, they want this change process to be affected. Government and NGO Government and non-governmental organizations and the way government organizations from more taxes and profit in an organization is not, then how they take more taxes and duties if other obligations expected to have affected.  On the other hand non-governmental organizations ask for help from organizations.  If they are not in a good position with the lot will affect their departments for the betterment of the organization want the process of change. 8 step change model is KOTTER Only constant is change. Heraclitus, Greek philosopher Max was true two thousand years ago, just as is true today.  We in a world where business as usual is changing lives in.  New initiatives, project-based work, technology improvements, ahead to stay competitive these things together as we continue to work for changes to run. Whether you a small change in one or two steps, or a systemwide change an organization are considered, it seems normal anxiety and fear of the scale of challenge. You need to change it, but you are supplying How to not really know about.  Where do I start?  How do you add?  You saw how to end by? How to change there are many ideas are about.  Many leadership and change management guru, John Kotter start with.  Harvard Business School and one of the worlds leading experts Professor of change, Kotter 1995 in his books eight step change process began, Leading Change.  We changed under the leadership of the eight steps to look at. Step One: Create instant To be changed, it helps if the whole company really want to do it.  Need for change around developing a sense of immediate.  These things help you get the initial transmission can spark enthusiasm. It is not only poor people figures show sales or talk about the matter more competitive.  That with the market and your competition is about a honest and open dialogue at ease.  Many proposed changes if you start talking about the immediate construction, and can feed on itself. What you can: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ identify potential hazards, and can be expressed in the future development of the situation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ testing opportunities, or, should be exploited. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ honest debate started, and dynamic and at ease talking to people and get to thinking of. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ customers, stakeholders and industry people out requested support to strengthen your argument. Two steps: form a powerful alliance Persuade people to change is necessary.  The most strong leadership and key people within your organization expressed by supports.

Humans Cause Climate Change Essay examples -- Global Warming Essays, 20

"Two thousand scientists, in a hundred countries, engaged in the most elaborate, well organized scientific collaboration in the history of humankind, have produced long-since a consensus that we will face a string of terrible catastrophes unless we act to prepare ourselves and deal with the underlying causes of global warming." -- Al Gore Many misinformed people believe that extreme climate change is a natural process; something that human activities have nothing to do with. They cite events such as the Ice Age and believe that these events are part of a natural Earth cycling. Therefore, they happen despite anything that humans do. A common misunderstanding of the climate system characterizes it like a pendulum. The planet will warm up to "cancel out" a previous period of cooling, spurred by some internal equilibrium. This view of the climate is incorrect (Climatesight 1). As the Skeptical Science cited, this perspective implies that the Earth's climate must revolve around an equilibrium. These people believe that because there was an Ice Age, there must be an equal and opposi...

Personality Studies Essay

The term â€Å"physiognomy† refers to features of the face, when these features are used to infer the character or temperament of an individual. Physiognomy associates any feature of the face and head with personal characteristics and certain personality traits and abilities. Physiognomic messages might include a person’s genetic background (e.g., race, ethnicity), genetic diseases (e.g., Down’s syndrome), and more fuzzy concepts such as romantic compatibility, suitability for certain positions or the destiny of the person. As a practice, physiognomy has a long history in Western and Eastern cultures. It still attracts attention as a curiosity and books and popular articles retain an interest. Merton Method for Employers Holmes W. Merton invented the Merton Method in the late 19th century to match a person’s character to a suitable job. Merton specialized in matching personal characteristics to vocations, and he invented a unique set of traits that he claimed are relevant to job performance. He divided the face into dozens of different areas, each area reflecting one or more of his traits, thus matching a face to a job. Many large corporations used this method to make employment and job assignment decisions. Stereotypes of Police Caricature of the criminal: thug with small, beady, close-set eyes, large jaw and puffy cheeks, bent nose, unshaven with threatening expression. Analysis of physiognomic characteristics has been employed in the criminal justice system. Some paid legal consultants offer advice to trial lawyers about their clients, prospective jurors, and witnesses based on their facial characteristics. They know that jurors respond to the faces of the defendant and the witnesses, so they try to optimize the favorableness of the impressions jurors are likely to form (such consultants are most often used by the defense). For example, research shows that a baby-faced person is less likely to be convicted of an intentional crime and more likely to be convicted of a negligent crime. Some consultants also claim to have insight into the characteristics of prospective jurors based on their faces. An old face reading tradition in law enforcement circles is that you can tell a criminal fro m his or her face. Surveys of policemen indicate that even today, many believe they can detect the criminal by examining their face. Acting Another area in which physiognomy is used is the selection of actors to fill roles. For example, pedantic women, evil or virtuous men, and incompetent or stupid characters are often portrayed by actors who â€Å"look the part†. Character actors often spend their professional lives performing only limited roles that match their facial appearance. It is important to note that none of these applications has any scientific evidence to support it and none uses any of the scientific evidence and theory as a basis for its practice. Palmistry or chiromancy is the art of evaluating a person’s character and foretelling the future through the study of the palm. Palmistry can trace its roots back to India, from where it spread to China, Tibet, Egypt, Persia and Europe. Even today, the practice is found all over the world, with numerous cultural variations. Those who practice chiromancy are generally called palmists, palm readers, or hand readers. A reader usually begins by reading the person’s ‘dominant hand’ (the hand they write with or use the most) which is considered to represent the conscious mind, whereas the other hand is subconscious. Various â€Å"lines† (â€Å"heart line†, â€Å"life line†, etc.) and â€Å"mounts† (or bumps) presumably suggest interpretations by their relative sizes, qualities, and intersections. The lines are believed to carry hereditary or family traits, or to convey information about past-life or karmic conditions. The basic framewo rk for â€Å"Classical† palmistry is rooted in Greek mythology. Each area of the palm and fingers is related to a god or goddess, and the features of that area indicate the nature of the corresponding aspect of the subject. For example, the ring finger is associated with the Greek god Apollo; characteristics of the ring finger are tied to the subject’s dealings with art, music, aesthetics, fame, wealth, and harmony. The practice of chiromancy is generally regarded as a pseudoscience. There has been little research verifying palmistry’s accuracy as a system of character analysis, and so far no conclusive evidence has been provided to support a connection between the lines of the palm and a person’s character. No conclusive data have yet been found to support the claims made by hand readers with respect to life expectancy or personality type. Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humors theory. The Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370 BC) systemized and developed it into a medical theory. He believed certain human moods, emotions and behaviors were caused by body fluids (called â€Å"humors†): blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm, and searched for physiological reasons for different behaviors in humans. The four temperamental categories were named â€Å"sanguine†, â€Å"melancholic†, â€Å"choleric† and â€Å"phlegmatic† after the bodily humors. Each was the result of an excess of one of the humors and corresponded to a different personality type. Sanguine The Sanguine temperament personality is fairly extroverted. People of a sanguine temperament tend to enjoy social gatherings and making new friends. They tend to be creative and often daydream. However, some alone time is crucial for those of this temperament. Sanguine can also mean very sensitive, compassionate and thoughtful. Sanguine personalities generally struggle with following tasks all the way through, are chronically late, and tend to be forgetful and sometimes a little sarcastic. Often, when pursuing a new hobby, interest is lost quickly when it ceases to be engaging or fun. They are very much people persons. They are talkative and not shy. Choleric A person who is choleric is a doer. They have a lot of ambition, energy, and passion, and try to instill it in others. They can dominate people of other temperaments, especially phlegmatic types. Many great charismatic military and political figures were cholerics. They like to be leaders and in charge of everything. Melancholic A person who is a thoughtful ponderer has a melancholic disposition. Often very considerate, melancholics can be highly creative in activities such as poetry and art – and can become occupied with the tragedy and cruelty in the world. A melancholic is also often a perfectionist. They are often self-reliant and independent. Phlegmatic Phlegmatics tend to be self-content and kind. They can be very accepting and affectionate. They may be very receptive and shy and often prefer stability to uncertainty and change. They are very consistent, relaxed, rational, curious, and observant, making them good administrators and diplomats. They also believe there are twelve mixtures of the four temperaments, representing people who have the traits of two temperaments. The temperament theory is used to help understand personality. The temperaments are seen as avenues into teaching, with many different types of blends, which can help with both discipline and defining the methods used with individual children and class balance. Phrenology [frÉ ªÃ¢â‚¬â„¢nÉ”lÉ™Ê ¤Ã‰ ª] A pseudo-science related to physiognomy is Phrenology. The phrenologist claims that specific areas of the cranium reflect certain personality traits. By examining these areas of the head for size and shape, an expert can infer individual’s hidden character. This approach developed in the early 19th century, based on the discovery that areas of the cerebral cortex under the skull were differently specialized. Thus, the skull area over each area takes on certain forms matching the abilities of the brain underneath it. Unfortunately for this theory, the early ideas of specialization of the brain are seriously flawed, and the assumption that specialized areas have anything to do with shapes of the cranium is false. Nevertheless, this idea of phrenology became very popular, and many experts on phrenology published volumes describing the applications of this technique. Numerous followers promoted the idea and supplied their services to an eager public, usually for a fee. None of their claimed expertise have any basis in fact, and the subject seems a humorous relict today. Astrology is a group of systems, traditions, and beliefs which hold that the movements and positions of celestial bodies directly influence life on Earth or correspond to the events of a human’s life. A practitioner of astrology is called an astrologer. Astrologers believe, for instance, that the identification of the zodiacal placement of the Sun on the day of a person’s birth provides information about personality and human affairs, and helps in the interpretation of past and present events, and in the prediction of the future. Astrology is generally considered a pseudoscience or superstition by the scientific community because of a lack of statistically significant astrological predictions. Still, astrology enjoys certain popularity even nowadays. In particular, many newspapers and magazines carry predictive columns based on celestial influences in relation to an individual’s zodiac sign.